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<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Hare Krishna.<\/span><\/p>\n Yesterday, answering a question, I mentioned something called \u201cvocative\u201d and said that the final vowel change if the noun is \u201cin vocative\u201d. Those who have studied the grammar of classical languages will understand this easily. To others, this explanation will result somewhat complicated. <\/p>\n Each group of nouns (those ending with a, i, u, etc.) has different declensions. And the case ending varies according to gender and numbers. <\/p>\n <\/p>\n The nouns purusa (man) which is a noun ending with \u201ca\u201d will be declined in this way:<\/span><\/p>\n Declension of the\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stems\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n pumlinga (masculine)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n puruSha:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (man)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n ekavacana<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n dvivacana<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n bahuvacana<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n nominative (prathama)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruSha:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShau<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShA:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n accusative (dvitiya)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruSham<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShau<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShAn<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n instrumental (tritiya)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruSheNa<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShAbhyAm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShai:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n dative (caturthi)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShaya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShAbhyAm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShabhya:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n ablative (pancami)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShAt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShAbhyAm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShabhya:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n genitive (sasthi)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShasya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShayo:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShANAm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n locative (saptami)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShe<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShayo:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruSheShu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n vocative (sambodhana)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruSha<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShau<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n puruShA:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/p>\n A nominative indicates the subject<\/strong> (The father leads) and others \u2013 <\/p>\n The accusative indicates the direct object of a transitive verb<\/strong> and others. <\/p>\n The instrumental to indicate the agent<\/strong> of a passive verb<\/strong> etc.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n So if the noun purusa is the nominative (the subject of a phrase) will be purusah, if dual will be purusau, if plural will be purusaah.<\/span><\/p>\n If the noun purusa is accusative will be purusam, if dual purusau, if plural purusaan.<\/span><\/p>\n In Vocative (Oh Krishna) remains \u201cKrishna\u201d. <\/p>\n If we take a masculine noun ending with \u201ci\u201d (like in the case of Murari, the enemy of Mura) the nominative singular will be munih, dual munii, plural munayaah. <\/p>\n Therefore if the word \u201cmurari\u201d is in vocative (sambodhana) meaning to say \u201cOh Murari\u201d it becomes Murare.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Manonatha Dasa (ACBSP)<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Hare Krishna. Yesterday, answering a question, I mentioned something called \u201cvocative\u201d and said that the final vowel change if the noun is \u201cin vocative\u201d. A devotee asked me for some clarification and here I\u2019ll briefly explain. … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":14275,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-23 22:44:24","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23167"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23167\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span>A devotee asked me for some clarification and here I\u2019ll briefly explain.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>I don\u2019t mean here to give a full lesson on the use of nouns and their declension because it would be too long and complicated and I don’t expect everybody to understand.
\n<\/span>
\nJust a few concepts to explain why a word like Murari becomes Murare.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>Let\u2019s make an example.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n<\/span>janaka: nayati<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>The father leads the sons: janaka: putraan nayati.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>So on and so forth.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nIn accusative, instrumental, genitive, etc. the word will take a different case-ending.<\/span><\/p>\n