{"id":16920,"date":"2020-09-16T12:54:36","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T16:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/?p=16920"},"modified":"2020-09-15T12:55:06","modified_gmt":"2020-09-15T16:55:06","slug":"hindu-units-of-measurement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/hindu-units-of-measurement\/","title":{"rendered":"Hindu units of measurement"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\">Appendix:Hindu units of measurement<\/h1>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"contentSub\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentSub2\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contents<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#Time\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Time<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#Sidereal_metrics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Sidereal metrics<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#Small_units_of_time_used_in_the_Vedas\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.1.1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Small units of time used in the Vedas<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#Lunar_metrics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Lunar metrics<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#Tropical_metrics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.3<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Tropical metrics<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#Reckoning_of_time_among_other_entities\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.4<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Reckoning of time among other entities<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#Vedic_Time_Units_greater_than_a_Kalpa\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.5<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Vedic Time Units greater than a Kalpa<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#See_also\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">See also<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/mariosavelloni\/Desktop\/Appendix:Hindu%20units%20of%20measurement%20-%20Wiktionary.webarchive#External_links\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">External links<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Time\" class=\"mw-headline\">Time<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Time\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Hindu metrics of time (<i><b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Kaala Vyavahara (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Kaala_Vyavahara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kaala Vyavahara<\/a><\/b><\/i>) can be summarized as below.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/File:HinduMeasurements.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"file:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/HinduMeasurements.svg\/220px-HinduMeasurements.svg.png\" srcset=\"file:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/HinduMeasurements.svg\/330px-HinduMeasurements.svg.png 1.5x, file:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/HinduMeasurements.svg\/440px-HinduMeasurements.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"943\" data-file-width=\"248\" data-file-height=\"1063\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<p>Hindu units of time on a <a class=\"new\" title=\"logarithmic scale (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=logarithmic_scale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">logarithmic scale<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Sidereal_metrics\" class=\"mw-headline\">Sidereal metrics<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Sidereal metrics\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Lipta (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Lipta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Lipta<\/a><\/b> (<a title=\"\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/a>) is approximately 0.4 <a title=\"second\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/second\">seconds<\/a><\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vighati (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Vighati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vighati<\/a><\/b> (<a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f<\/a>) is 60 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Liptas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Liptas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Liptas<\/a>, or approximately 24 seconds<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ghadika (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Ghadika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ghadika<\/a><\/b> (<a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0918\u091f\u093f (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0918\u091f\u093f<\/a>) is 60 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Vighatis (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Vighatis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vighatis<\/a>, or approximately 24 minutes<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Muhurta (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Muhurta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Muhurta<\/a><\/b> is equal to 2 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Ghadikas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Ghadikas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ghadikas<\/a>, or approximately 48 <a title=\"minute\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/minute\">minutes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nakshatra ahoratram (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Nakshatra_ahoratram&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nakshatra ahoratram<\/a><\/b> (<a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0928\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0939\u094b\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0928\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0939\u094b\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d<\/a>) or <a title=\"sidereal day\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/sidereal_day\">sidereal day<\/a> is <i>exactly<\/i> equal to 30 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Muhurtas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Muhurtas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Muhurtas<\/a> (Note: A day is considered to begin and end at <a title=\"sunrise\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/sunrise\">sunrise<\/a>, not <a title=\"midnight\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/midnight\">midnight<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An alternate system described in the <a class=\"new\" title=\"Vishnu Purana (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Vishnu_Purana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vishnu Purana<\/a> <a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/vp\/vp037.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Time measurement section of the Vishnu Purana Book I Chapter III<\/a> is as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>100 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Truti (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Truti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Truti<\/a> = 1 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Tatpara (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Tatpara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Tatpara<\/a><\/li>\n<li>30 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Tatpara (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Tatpara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Tatpara<\/a> = 1 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Nimesha (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Nimesha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nimesha<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Nimeshas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Nimeshas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nimeshas<\/a> = 1 <a class=\"new\" title=\"K\u00e1sht\u0301h\u00e1 (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=K%C3%A1sht%CC%81h%C3%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">K\u00e1sht\u0301h\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>30 <a class=\"new\" title=\"K\u00e1sht\u0301h\u00e1s (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=K%C3%A1sht%CC%81h%C3%A1s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">K\u00e1sht\u0301h\u00e1s<\/a> = 1 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Kal\u00e1 (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Kal%C3%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kal\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>30 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Kal\u00e1s (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Kal%C3%A1s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kal\u00e1s<\/a> = 1 <a class=\"new\" title=\"K\u1e63a\u1e47a (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=K%E1%B9%A3a%E1%B9%87a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">K\u1e63a\u1e47a<\/a><\/li>\n<li>12 <a class=\"new\" title=\"K\u1e63a\u1e47a (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=K%E1%B9%A3a%E1%B9%87a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">K\u1e63a\u1e47a<\/a> = 1 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Muh\u00fartta (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Muh%C3%BArtta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Muh\u00fartta<\/a><\/li>\n<li>30 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Muh\u00farttas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Muh%C3%BArttas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Muh\u00farttas<\/a> = 1 day (24 hours)<\/li>\n<li>30 days = 1 month<\/li>\n<li>6 months = 1 <a title=\"Ayana\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/Ayana\">Ayana<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2 <a class=\"new\" title=\"Ayanas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Ayanas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ayanas<\/a> = 1 year or one day (day + night) of the gods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Small_units_of_time_used_in_the_Vedas\" class=\"mw-headline\">Small units of time used in the Vedas<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Small units of time used in the Vedas\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Trasarenu (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Trasarenu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Trasarenu<\/a><\/b> is the combination of 6 celestial <i>atoms<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Truti (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Truti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Truti<\/a><\/b> is the time needed to integrate 3 <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Trasarenus (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Trasarenus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Trasarenus<\/a><\/i>, or 1\/1687.5th of a second.<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vedha (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Vedha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vedha<\/a><\/b> is 100 <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Trutis (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Trutis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Trutis<\/a><\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a title=\"Lava\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/Lava\">Lava<\/a><\/b> is 3 <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vedhas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Vedhas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vedhas<\/a><\/i>.<a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/vedabase.net\/sb\/3\/11\/6\/en1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[1]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nimesha (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Nimesha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nimesha<\/a><\/b> is 3 <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Lavas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Lavas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Lavas<\/a><\/i>, or a <a title=\"blink\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/blink\">blink<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Kshanas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Kshanas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kshanas<\/a><\/b> is 3 <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nimeshas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Nimeshas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nimeshas<\/a><\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Kashthas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Kashthas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kashthas<\/a><\/b> is 5 <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Kshanas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Kshanas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kshanas<\/a><\/i>, or about 8 seconds.<\/li>\n<li>a <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Laghu (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Laghu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Laghu<\/a><\/b> is 15 <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Kashthas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Kashthas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kashthas<\/a><\/i>, or about 2 minutes.<a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/vedabase.net\/sb\/3\/11\/7\/en1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[2]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15 <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Laghus (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Laghus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Laghus<\/a><\/b> make one <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nadika (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Nadika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nadika<\/a><\/i>, which is also called a <i><a title=\"danda\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/danda\">danda<\/a><\/i>. This equals the time before water overflows in a six-pala-weight [fourteen ounce] pot of copper, in which a hole is bored with a gold probe weighing four masha and measuring four fingers long. The pot is then placed on water for calculation.<\/li>\n<li>2 <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Dandas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Dandas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Dandas<\/a><\/b> make one <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Muhurta (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Muhurta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Muhurta<\/a><\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>6 or 7 <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Dandas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Dandas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Dandas<\/a><\/b> make one <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"Yamah (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Yamah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Yamah<\/a><\/i>, or 1\/4th of a day or night.<a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/vedabase.net\/sb\/3\/11\/8\/en1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[3]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4 <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Praharas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Praharas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Praharas<\/a><\/b> or 4 <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Yamas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Yamas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Yamas<\/a><\/b> are in each <i>day<\/i> or each <i>night<\/i>.<a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/vedabase.net\/sb\/3\/11\/10\/en1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[4]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Lunar_metrics\" class=\"mw-headline\">Lunar metrics<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Lunar metrics\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>a <i><a title=\"tithi\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/tithi\">tithi<\/a><\/i> (also spelled <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"thithi (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=thithi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">thithi<\/a><\/i> ) or <a class=\"new\" title=\"lunar day (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=lunar_day&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">lunar day<\/a> is defined as the time it takes for the <a title=\"longitudinal\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/longitudinal\">longitudinal<\/a> <a title=\"angle\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/angle\">angle<\/a> between the <a title=\"moon\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/moon\">moon<\/a> and the <a title=\"sun\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/sun\">sun<\/a> to increase by 12<a title=\"\u00b0\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/%C2%B0\">\u00b0<\/a>. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours.<\/li>\n<li>a <i><a title=\"paksa\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/paksa\">paksa<\/a><\/i> (also <a title=\"paksha\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/paksha\">paksha<\/a>) or <a class=\"new\" title=\"lunar fortnight (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=lunar_fortnight&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">lunar fortnight<\/a> consists of 15 <b><a title=\"tithis\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/tithis\">tithis<\/a><\/b><\/li>\n<li>a <i><a title=\"masa\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/masa\">masa<\/a><\/i> or <a title=\"lunar month\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/lunar_month\">lunar month<\/a> (approximately 29.5 days) is divided into 2 <b><a title=\"pakshas\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/pakshas\">pakshas<\/a><\/b>: the one between <a title=\"new moon\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/new_moon\">new moon<\/a> and <a title=\"full moon\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/full_moon\">full moon<\/a> is called <i><a title=\"gaura\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/gaura\">gaura<\/a><\/i> (bright) or <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"shukla paksha (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=shukla_paksha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">shukla paksha<\/a><\/i>; the one between full moon and new moon <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"krishna paksha (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=krishna_paksha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">krishna paksha<\/a><\/i> <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sanskrit.org\/www\/Astronomy\/HinduCalendar.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[5]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>a <i><a title=\"ritu\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/ritu\">ritu<\/a><\/i> is 2 <b><a title=\"masa\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/masa\">masa<\/a><\/b><\/li>\n<li>an <i><a class=\"new\" title=\"ayanam (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=ayanam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">ayanam<\/a><\/i> is 3 <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"rituhs (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=rituhs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">rituhs<\/a><\/b><\/li>\n<li>a <i><a title=\"year\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/year\">year<\/a><\/i> is 2 <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"Aayanas (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Aayanas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Aayanas<\/a><\/b> <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/vedabase.net\/sb\/3\/11\/11\/en1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[6]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Tropical_metrics\" class=\"mw-headline\">Tropical metrics<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Tropical metrics\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>a <b>Yaama<\/b> (\u092f\u093e\u092e) = 1\/4th of a day(light) or night [ = 7\u00bd <i>Ghati<\/i>s (\u0918\u091f\u093f) = 3\u00be <i>Muhurta<\/i>s (\u092e\u0941\u0939\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924) = 3 <i>Hora<\/i>s (\u0939\u094b\u0930\u093e) ]<\/li>\n<li>4 <i>Yaama<\/i>s 1 half of the day (either day or night)<\/li>\n<li>8 <i>Yaama<\/i>s 1 day (day + night)<\/li>\n<li>an <b>Ahoratram<\/b> is a <a class=\"new\" title=\"tropical day (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=tropical_day&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">tropical day<\/a> (Note: A day is considered to begin and end at <a title=\"sunrise\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/sunrise\">sunrise<\/a>, not <a title=\"midnight\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/midnight\">midnight<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Reckoning_of_time_among_other_entities\" class=\"mw-headline\">Reckoning of time among other entities<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Reckoning of time among other entities\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Reckoning of time amongst the <i>pitr<\/i>s.<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<ul>\n<li>1 human day = 1\/30 day of the pitrs<\/li>\n<li>30 days of human is 1 month of human = 1 day of the pitrs<\/li>\n<li>12 months of human = 1 year of the pitrs<\/li>\n<li>The lifespan of the pitrs is 100 years of the pitrs (= 3,600 human years)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<dl>\n<dt>Reckoning of time amongst the Devas.<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<ul>\n<li>1 human year = 1 day of the Devas.<\/li>\n<li>30 days of the Devas = 1 month of the Devas.<\/li>\n<li>12 months of the Devas = 1 year of the Devas<\/li>\n<li>The lifespan of the Devas is 100 years of the Devas (= 36,000 human years)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <a class=\"new\" title=\"Vishnu Purana (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Vishnu_Purana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vishnu Purana<\/a> <a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/vp\/vp037.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Time measurement section of the Vishnu Purana Book I Chapter III<\/a> explains the above as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2 Ayanas (six month periods, see above) = 1 year or one day (day + night) of the devas<\/li>\n<li>360 days of the devas = 1 year of the devas<\/li>\n<li>12,000 years of the devas = 4 Yugas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<dl>\n<dt>Reckoning of time for Brahma.<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<ul>\n<li>12,000 years of the Devas = 1 day of Brahma (4320,000,000 human years). This day is divided into 10, 000 parts called charanas. The charanas are divided as follows:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<caption><b>The Four Yugas<\/b><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>4 charanas (1,728,000 <a title=\"solar year\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/solar_year\">solar years<\/a>)<\/td>\n<td><a class=\"new\" title=\"Satya Yuga (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Satya_Yuga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Satya Yuga<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3 charanas(1,296,000 solar years)<\/td>\n<td><a class=\"new\" title=\"Treta Yuga (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Treta_Yuga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Treta Yuga<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2 charanas(864,000 solar years)<\/td>\n<td><a class=\"new\" title=\"Dwapar Yuga (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Dwapar_Yuga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Dwapar Yuga<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 charanas(432,000 solar years)<\/td>\n<td><a title=\"Kali Yuga\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/Kali_Yuga\">Kali Yuga<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/vedabase.net\/sb\/3\/11\/19\/en1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The cycle repeats itself so altogether there are 1000 cycles of yugas in one day of Brahma.<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<ul>\n<li>One cycle of the above four <b>yuga<\/b>s is one <b>mahayuga<\/b> (4.32 billion <a title=\"solar year\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/solar_year\">solar years<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>A <b>manvantara<\/b> consists of 71 mahayugas (306,720,000 solar years). Each Manvantara is ruled by a Manu.<\/li>\n<li>After each manvantara follows one <b>Sandhi Kala<\/b> of the same duration as a <i>Krita Yuga<\/i> (1,728,000 = 4 Charana). (It is said that during a Sandhi Kala, the entire earth is submerged in water.)<\/li>\n<li>A <b><a class=\"new\" title=\"kalpa (time unit) (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=kalpa_(time_unit)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">kalpa<\/a><\/b> consists of a period of 1,728,000 solar years called <i>Adi Sandhi<\/i>, followed by 14 manvantaras and Sandhi Kalas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<ul>\n<li>A day of Brahma equals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<dl>\n<dd>(14 times 71 mahayugas) + (15 x 4 Charanas)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<dl>\n<dd>= 994 mahayugas + (60 Charanas)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<dl>\n<dd>= 994 mahayugas + (6 x 10) Charanas<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<dl>\n<dd>= 994 mahayugas + 6 mahayugas<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<dl>\n<dd>= 1000 mahayugas<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<dl>\n<dd>as is confirmed by the Gita statement &#8220;sahasra-yuga paryantam ahar-yad brahmano viduH&#8221;, meaning, a day of brahma is of 1000 (maha-)yugas. Thus a day of Brahma, kalpa, is of duration: 4.32 billion solar years. Two <i>kalpa<\/i>s constitute a day and night of <a class=\"new\" title=\"Brahma (god) (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Brahma_(god)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Brahma<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<ul>\n<li>30 days of Brahma = 1 month of Brahma (259,200,000,000 human years)<\/li>\n<li>12 months of Brahma = 1 year of Brahma (3,110,400,000,000 human years)<\/li>\n<li>25 years of Brahma = 1 kalpa (77,760,000,000,000 human years)<\/li>\n<li>2 kalpas = 1 parardha (155,520,000,000,000 human years) [6]<\/li>\n<li>2 parardhas = 100 years of Brahma, the lifespan of Brahma (311,040,000,000,000 human years)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <a class=\"new\" title=\"Vishnu Purana (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Vishnu_Purana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vishnu Purana<\/a> <a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/vp\/vp037.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Time measurement section of the Vishnu Purana Book I Chapter III<\/a> explains the above as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>360 days of the gods = 1 year of the gods<\/li>\n<li>12,000 years of the gods = 4 Yugas<\/li>\n<li>1,000 sets of 4 Yugas = a day of Brahm\u00e1<\/li>\n<li>50 years of Brahma = 1 Pararddham<\/li>\n<li>100 years of Brahma = 1 Param<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>4,000 + 400 + 400 = 4,800 years = 1 Krita Yuga<\/li>\n<li>3,000 + 300 + 300 = 3,600 years = 1 Tret\u00e1 Yuga<\/li>\n<li>2,000 + 200 + 200 = 2,400 years = 1 Dw\u00e1para Yuga<\/li>\n<li>1,000 + 100 + 100 = 1,200 years = 1 Kali Yuga<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Alternately, the reigns of 7 Rishis, Indra and Manu = 1 Manwantara = 71&#215;12,000+A (A is not given) = 852,000 years of the gods+A (A is not given)<\/li>\n<li>14 Manwantaras = a day of Brahm\u00e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Vedic_Time_Units_greater_than_a_Kalpa\" class=\"mw-headline\">Vedic Time Units greater than a Kalpa<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Vedic Time Units greater than a Kalpa\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ancient vedic cosmology takes into account handful of time spans which are even greater than one Kalpa or a day of Brahma. One such unit is a &#8220;Maha-Kalpa&#8221; which is composed of 36000 such days of Brahma. One Maha-Kalpa is considered as the lifetime of Brahma. There are time units which are larger than one Maha-Kalpa. The largest of them has been calculated as several quadrillions of human years. This precise and massive calculations indicate one important aspect of vedic time system, that, whenever the term &#8220;Infinity&#8221; has been mentioned in Vedas, it does not indicate something very large. Instead, it appears that the term is meant to refer its literal synonym itself. <sup><i>[<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/legendofbharatbarsha.home.blog\/2019\/12\/07\/detailed-history-of-time\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Source<\/a>]<\/i><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">References<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/vp\/vp037.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Time measurement section of the Vishnu Purana Book I Chapter III<\/a><\/li>\n<li><b><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/legendofbharatbarsha.home.blog\/2019\/12\/07\/detailed-history-of-time\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Detailed History of Time<\/a><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"See_also\" class=\"mw-headline\">See also<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: See also\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Appendix:Hindu_units_of_measurement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Hindu calendar (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Hindu_calendar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Hindu calendar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"day of Brahma (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=day_of_Brahma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">day of Brahma<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Jyotish (page does not exist)\" href=\"file:\/\/\/w\/index.php?title=Jyotish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Jyotish<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vedas\" href=\"file:\/\/\/wiki\/Vedas\">Vedas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Appendix:Hindu units of measurement \u00a0 \u00a0 &nbsp; Contents 1Time 1.1Sidereal metrics 1.1.1Small units of time used in the Vedas 1.2Lunar metrics 1.3Tropical metrics 1.4Reckoning of time among other entities 1.5Vedic Time Units greater than a Kalpa &hellip; <a class=\"kt-excerpt-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/hindu-units-of-measurement\/\" aria-label=\"Hindu units of measurement\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-english"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-06-13 11:21:50","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16920"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16920\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isvara.org\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}